Related rights
Rights of performers, phonogram producers and broadcasting organisations.
Related rights — the layer above copyright
A recorded song carries at least three layers of rights held by three different parties. Clearing only some of them still infringes.
Performers' rights — moral and economic rights
A performer always keeps moral rights, but who holds the economic rights turns on who funded the performance.
Rights of producers of sound and audiovisual recordings
This right protects the investment in making a recording, not creativity — the protected object is the specific recording, not the work inside it.
Rights of broadcasting organisations
Broadcasters hold exclusive rights in their broadcasts and signals — protecting both what was aired and the signal carrying it.